La acumulación de bacterias sobre las superficies de los implantes sigue siendo la primera causa de fracaso, y el desarrollo de superficies antimicrobianas constituye una primera línea en la investigación. Además, la durabilidad y el rendimiento mecánico de los implantes, en especial en el área dental, vienen determinados principalmente por su capacidad de osteointegración en el hueso maxilofacial y la aparición de infecciones. En consecuencia, la osteointegración de los implantes y la profilaxis de infecciones siguen siendo grandes retos a alcanzar por lo que se está desarrollando una gran investigación en la producción de superficies bioactivas para conseguir mejoras en estos aspectos. En este trabajo proponemos la funcionalización de superficies de titanio (Ti Cp) con monocapas autoensambladas (SAMs) de compuestos organofosforados bioactivos: ácido fítico (Ti-PA) y sus derivados metálicos de fitato con Sr2+ y/o Zn2+ (Ti-SrPhy, Ti-ZnPhy y Ti-SrPhy/ZnPhy) que mostraron propiedades osteogénicas, antimicrobianas y antioxidantes in vitro en un trabajo previo. Así, los compuestos de fitato se anclan químicamente sobre discos de Ti mediante un sencillo procedimiento consistente en una reacción de condensación promovida por tratamiento térmico. Las espectroscopias EDS y XPS confirman la obtención de las superficies modificadas y se exploran las propiedades topográficas y la mojabilidad analizadas por SEM, AFM, perfilometría y medidas del ángulo de contacto, respectivamente. Además, las SAMs de fitato no liberan ningún compuesto citotóxico tras 14 días y estimulan la adhesión y proliferación in vitro de células de osteoblastos humanos tras 14 días de cultivo. La capacidad osteogénica de las superficies modificadas, evaluada mediante la cuantificación de la actividad ALP y el grado de mineralización de la matriz, muestra una mejora significativa con respecto a las superficies no modificadas. Además, se evalúa la actividad antimicrobiana de las superficies modificadas con fitato frente a cultivos de Streptococcus mutans. El recuento de células viables y la cuantificación del biofilm producido se reducen significativamente en todos los grupos de phytate-SAMs (p < 0,001). Los estudios de integridad de la membrana celular mediante tinción LIVE/DEAD e imágenes SEM confirman una menor viabilidad de las bacterias adheridas cuando se ensayan superficies a base de fitato, debido a una alteración de la función y permeabilidad de la membrana celular. Por lo tanto, las SAM a base de fitato presentan características in vitro adecuadas que sugieren su prometedor potencial como recubrimientos bioactivos de implantes dentales.
3729048
{3729048:4WBQPVUW}
nature
50
1
1187
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Asensio, G. et al. Strontium/zinc phytate-based self-assembled monolayers on titanium surfaces enhance osteogenesis and antibacterial performance in vitro. Applied Surface Science 620, 156818 (2023).
