La sericina de seda (SS), un subproducto de la industria textil, ha despertado un gran interés por su potencial biomédico debido a su biocompatibilidad y capacidad regenerativa. Sin embargo, la literatura carece de información sobre los métodos de procesamiento de la SS y las propiedades fisicoquímicas resultantes. Este estudio representa el primer paso hacia la optimización y estandarización de protocolos. En el presente trabajo, se estudiaron y compararon diferentes técnicas de procesamiento aplicadas a la SS extraída mediante ebullición en agua: evaporación, evaporación rotatoria, liofilización y diálisis, obteniéndose un rendimiento de recuperación de aproximadamente 27–32%. El objetivo fue identificar el método más prometedor para concentrar las soluciones de SS extraídas y garantizar que su estructura se preservara en gran medida. Como resultado, se propuso una nueva metodología de crio-liofilización. Este método permite la conservación de la estructura amorfa, lo que aporta ventajas significativas, como su completa disolución en agua y PBS, un aumento en la estabilidad de almacenamiento y la posibilidad de escalado, lo que lo hace altamente adecuado para aplicaciones industriales y biomédicas. La segunda parte del estudio se centró en abordar otro desafío en el procesamiento de la SS: una esterilización eficiente y no destructiva. En los últimos años, el CO₂ supercrítico (scCO₂) ha ganado relevancia como técnica de esterilización de biopolímeros y materiales biológicos sensibles debido a su ausencia de toxicidad y sus condiciones de procesamiento suaves. Por ello, se validó el scCO₂ como una técnica eficaz para la esterilización terminal de la SS. De este modo, se logró desarrollar un proceso secuencial de crio-liofilización/esterilización con scCO₂ que permitió preservar las propiedades originales de esta proteína natural de seda. En general, hemos valorizado la SS transformándola en un material estéril, listo para su uso, bioactivo y soluble en agua, con un gran potencial para su aplicación en las industrias biomédica, farmacéutica o cosmética.

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Veiga, A. et al. Innovative Processing and Sterilization Techniques to Unlock the Potential of Silk Sericin for Biomedical Applications. Gels 11, 114 (2025). Cite Download