El diseño de biotransportadores representa un enfoque eficaz para la preservación de elementos bioactivos y la liberación controlada en ambientes específicos. Este estudio presenta una estructura novedosa de biotransportador compuesta por dos biopolímeros bacterianos biodegradables, no tóxicos, pero inherentemente incompatibles: la celulosa bacteriana (CB), un polímero poroso e hidrofílico conocido por su alta capacidad de retención de agua (hasta 400 veces su peso seco) y resistencia a la tracción, y el polihidroxibutirato (PHB), un polímero hidrofóbico caracterizado por sus excelentes propiedades de barrera y estabilidad frente a la radiación ultravioleta. Mediante la técnica de electrospray coaxial, se produjeron partículas huecas de doble cáscara (DSHP, por sus siglas en inglés) con una arquitectura esférica y un diámetro promedio de 360 µm. Estas partículas constan de una cáscara externa de PHB que actúa como barrera protectora y una capa interna a base de CB diseñada para favorecer la viabilidad microbiana. Para asegurar la integridad estructural y mejorar la compatibilidad entre los polímeros, se injertaron cadenas de PHB sobre la CB, alcanzando un grado de modificación del 31%, antes del proceso de electrospray. Las DSHP resultantes demostraron una cavidad interna capaz de alojar cargas bacterianas de hasta 10⁸ UFC/mL, manteniendo la viabilidad celular durante al menos 2 días y permitiendo un perfil de liberación controlada. Además, las condiciones optimizadas del electrospray garantizaron una alta reproducibilidad y estabilidad. Esta configuración prometedora de partículas ofrece un potencial de aplicación en diversos campos, desde la biomedicina hasta el ámbito ambiental.

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Rivero-Buceta, V. et al. Design and Synthesis of Hollow Particles Based on Bacterial Cellulose and Polyhydroxybutyrate for Microbial Entrapping Using Coaxial Electrospray Technology. Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications 100791 (2025) http://doi.org/10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100791. Cite